How is Tardive Dyskinesia primarily induced?

Tardive Dyskinesia is primarily induced by prolonged use of antipsychotic medications, particularly the typical (first-generation) antipsychotics, which are known to cause this condition as a side effect. Tardive Dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary, repetitive body movements, often involving the face, mouth, and extremities. This condition stems from dopamine receptor supersensitivity due to the long-term blockade of dopamine receptors caused by antipsychotic therapy.

The pathophysiological mechanism involves alterations in the basal ganglia, a brain region that plays a crucial role in movement control. Extended exposure to antipsychotics can lead to these changes, manifesting as the abnormal movements associated with Tardive Dyskinesia. While other factors like diet, sleep, and genetic predisposition might influence the severity of symptoms or overall health, they do not primarily induce Tardive Dyskinesia as the prolonged use of antipsychotic medications does.