What is a potentially life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics that carries a 10-20% mortality rate?

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is indeed a serious and potentially life-threatening condition associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. It is characterized by a tetrad of symptoms: severe muscle rigidity, high fever, autonomic instability, and altered mental status. The syndrome can occur in anyone taking antipsychotic medications but is more common with the first-generation antipsychotics, especially after a dose increase or in response to changes in medication.

The mortality rate of 10-20% is particularly concerning, as NMS can lead to complications such as rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and respiratory failure if not treated promptly. Rapid recognition and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. Management typically involves immediate discontinuation of the antipsychotic, supportive care, and sometimes the use of medications like dantrolene or bromocriptine to mitigate symptoms.

On the other hand, tardive dyskinesia, acute dystonia, and extrapyramidal symptoms are all movement disorders related to the use of antipsychotics but do not carry the same level of immediate life-threatening risk as NMS. Tardive dyskinesia is a chronic condition that can develop after long-term use