What term describes a frequent overuse of a substance despite known consequences?

Substance abuse is the term that refers to a pattern of using a substance—such as drugs or alcohol—frequently and in a way that leads to significant impairment or distress. This pattern occurs despite the individual being aware of negative consequences related to their substance use, which can include health problems, social issues, and legal difficulties. Substance abuse is characterized by the failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home, as well as engaging in hazardous activities while under the influence.

While substance misuse may refer to using a substance inappropriately or without medical supervision, it does not capture the severity or repetitive nature of the behavior implied by substance abuse. Substance dependence generally involves a psychological or physical reliance on the substance, while tolerance refers to the body's adaptation to a substance, requiring larger doses to achieve the same effect. Each of these terms has distinct definitions and implications in the context of substance-related disorders, but substance abuse specifically identifies the behavior of continued use despite adverse outcomes.