Which of the following drugs is classified as a short-acting hypnotic?

Zaleplon is classified as a short-acting hypnotic due to its pharmacokinetic properties, which allow it to induce sleep quickly and have a relatively brief duration of action. It works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, which has sedative effects. This makes it particularly useful for patients who have difficulty falling asleep but may not be suitable for those who need longer-term sleep support.

In contrast, diazepam and clonazepam are both benzodiazepines that possess longer half-lives and are generally used for anxiety, seizure disorders, and muscle spasms, in addition to their sedative effects. Their longer duration of action can lead to residual sedation and increased risk of dependence when used for sleep issues. Buspirone is an anxiolytic medication that does not have hypnotic properties and is primarily used to treat anxiety, not for inducing sleep, further distinguishing it from the short-acting hypnotics.