Which of the following is NOT a risk factor before experiencing trauma that increases the likelihood of PTSD?

Advanced age is not typically recognized as a risk factor that increases the likelihood of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after experiencing trauma. In fact, older adults may often have a more developed coping mechanism and resilience due to life experiences, potentially making them less susceptible to PTSD compared to younger individuals.

In contrast, a dysfunctional family environment can create vulnerabilities, such as a lack of support and increased stress, which may heighten the risk of developing PTSD. Similarly, exposure to trauma at a young age is a well-documented risk factor, as children may lack the emotional maturity and resources to process trauma effectively. Lower socioeconomic status can lead to increased exposure to various stressors, including violence and instability, which can also elevate the risk of PTSD following traumatic events.