Which of the following is NOT a risk factor that increases the likelihood of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

Effective coping skills serve as a protective factor rather than a risk factor for the development of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). When individuals possess effective coping skills, they are better equipped to process traumatic experiences and manage stress in healthy ways. This capacity can mitigate the impact of trauma and decrease the likelihood of PTSD.

On the other hand, the other factors listed contribute to an increased risk of PTSD. Lack of family or social support can lead to feelings of isolation and exacerbate the effects of trauma. Frequent reminders of the traumatic event can trigger distressing memories and exacerbate symptoms of PTSD. Additionally, persistent negative cognitions about the trauma can hinder recovery and contribute to ongoing psychological distress. These factors can impede successful coping and adjustment to trauma, increasing the risk of developing PTSD.