Which term refers to a physical and psychological need for a substance?

The term that refers to a physical and psychological need for a substance is substance dependency. This condition is characterized by the individual’s reliance on the substance to function normally, leading to both physiological changes and psychological cravings. In substance dependency, the body may have adapted to the presence of the substance, which can result in withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not available, indicating a physical aspect of the condition. Additionally, the psychological need involves an intense craving for the substance and a loss of control over its use, significantly impacting daily life and functioning.

In contrast, while substance misuse and substance abuse might involve problematic patterns of consumption, they do not inherently imply this dual need for physical and psychological dependence. Substance misuse often pertains to the incorrect or harmful use of substances, and substance abuse typically refers to a pattern of harmful use that can have negative consequences but does not necessarily denote dependency. Substance craving refers specifically to the intense desire for the substance, but it does not encompass the broader aspects of physical dependence. Therefore, substance dependency is the most accurate term that encapsulates both the physiological and psychological aspects of addiction.