Which type of dementia is indicated by neurohistological changes resulting in spherical protein deposits in the cerebral cortex?

The correct answer is Lewy Body Dementia because it is characterized by the presence of abnormal spherical protein deposits known as Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. These deposits are primarily made up of alpha-synuclein, a protein that plays a crucial role in synaptic function. The accumulation of Lewy bodies disrupts normal neuronal function and contributes to the cognitive decline and motor symptoms associated with Lewy Body Dementia.

In contrast, Alzheimer's Dementia is primarily marked by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, not Lewy bodies. Vascular Dementia is associated with changes in blood flow to the brain, often resulting from strokes or other vascular issues, rather than specific protein deposits. Frontotemporal Dementia is characterized by atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes and may feature tau protein deposits, but it does not involve Lewy bodies. Understanding these distinctions is vital for recognizing the underlying pathophysiology of each type of dementia and ultimately guiding appropriate management and treatment strategies.